花境下垫面对北京园林小气候影响因子分析

通过对北京林业大学校园内花境下垫面、水泥地下垫面、湿裸地3种不同下垫面太阳辐射、气温、地温、风速、气压5个小气候因子的测定,结果显示花境下垫面小气候舒适度更高,间接证明花境作为园林植物景观的重要组成部分,能够充分改善园林小气候,创造舒适人居环境。     

辣椒新品种株椒2号的选育

株椒2号是用日本三鹰椒多代提纯材料Z-14和醴陵玻璃椒提纯材料H-4的杂交后代经多代定向选择选育的朝天小辣椒新品种。该品种植株生长势较强,第一开花节位19节,坐果性好,挂果多;果实单生,羊角形,果实纵径6.8 cm左右,果横径1.2 cm左右,果面光亮,果浅绿色,生物学成熟果鲜红色,平均单果质量4.1 g;肉质脆,味辛辣。中晚熟,抗病毒病、疮痂病;抗寒性、耐热耐旱能力强,较耐涝。适于在湖南及干辣椒产区作鲜红椒、加工椒、干制辣椒栽培。     

对虾养殖技术之五脊尾白虾秋后养殖技术

脊尾白虾营养丰富,除鲜食外还可加工成干品。在对虾、梭子蟹养殖池塘收获后,通过池塘收获后留下的部分达不到规格的个体或纳苗、亲体自繁获取白虾苗种,养殖到春节前后出售,这种养虾方法具有成本低、周期短、易管理、能充分利用池塘生产力等特点,使秋冬季节闲置的池塘得到充分利用。一、脊尾白虾主要生物学特性     

飞船返回舱高海况打捞设备电液控制系统

飞船返回舱高海况打捞设备是我国载人航天工程着陆场系统海上应急救生的重要设备,是解决恶劣海况条件下飞船返回舱的打捞方法和系统装备协调控制问题。通过系统研究与试验,完善了打捞方法与系统装备。系统采用现代液压传动与计算机PLVC编程控制,设计系统报警与故障诊断功能,通过集中监控系统,解决了复杂系统内各种设备的协调操作与自动控制问题;通过电气、液压与CAN-Bus通讯技术的集成,满足了恶劣海况条件下打捞返回舱的各系统设备安全运行和高可靠性的要求。系统设备经过了多次模拟返回舱打捞试验,验证了该项目打捞方法合理可行,系统设备安全可靠。     

斑点叉尾鮰胚胎和幼苗发育的观察

斑点叉尾鮰卵为圆球形、桔黄色，属于沉性，透明并具有粘性，卵与卵之间的粘性较强，产出时互相粘合成不规则的块状。卵的平均直径为3．457mm，受精卵在水温25．5—29℃时，出膜时间为146小时56分钟(6天以上)。孵化出膜的仔鱼呈金黄色，卵黄桃红色，体较透明，体全长7．89—8．13mm，平均为7．95mm。出膜4天后，开始摄食，转入混合营养阶段，10天左右器官分化完善。出膜后仔鱼集群堆积于水体底部。眼晶体、黑色素和嗅囊出现，心脏形成和搏动，内耳、尾和胸鳍原基形成，开始血液循环及红色素，鳃弓、鳃丝和鳃盖原基形成，消化道、肛门和肝脏等均在出膜之前形成。     

转Bt-基因棉棉仁粉对鲤鱼营养价值的研究

为评估转Ｂｔ－基因棉棉仁粉用作鱼饲料的有效性和安全性,将其配成试验饲料进行了１４周鲤鱼喂养,前８周着重就鲤钱垢增重率、特定生长率、铒料系数、鱼体化学成分含量等营养学指标进行了观察。上述各项指标经统计分析,在试验组和对照组之间均无显著性差异。表明转Ｂｔ－基因棉棉仁粉经脱棉酚处理后,与常规棉棉仁粉一样可作鱼用饲料的蛋白源。     

Assessment of marine thraustochytrid <Emphasis Type="Italic">Schizochytrium limacinum</Emphasis> OUC88 for mariculture by enriched feeds

ABSTRACT:   In the present study, Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88, a thraustochytrid with high content of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6 n −3), was used as feed for rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and Artemia franciscana . The rotifer and Artemia were harvested at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24-h intervals, analyzed for fatty acid composition, and compared with the control which fed on yeast only. The highest DHA content resulted from an enrichment period of 12 h for both fed organisms, reached 13.4 and 10.9% of the total fatty acids (TFAs) in rotifers and Artemia nauplii, respectively, and the DHA level reduced sharply if enrichment time was longer than 12 h. The pseudoalbinism rate of turbot Scophthalmus maximus juveniles fed enriched rotifers and Artemia nauplii reduced greatly (40% lower than in control group). Thus, enrichment of rotifers and Artemia nauplii by DHA-rich Schizochytrium limacinum OUC88 may provide a practical strategy for feeding fish juveniles in aquaculture.     

Immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, confers protection against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans

The present study aimed to determine whether protection is conferred by immunization of grouper, Epinephelus coioides, against a protozoan parasite, Cryptocaryon irritans. The immunization of E. coioides was carried out by a low level exposure of fish to live C. irritans theronts from predetermined number of tomonts and by an intraperitoneal injection of a vaccine consisting of formalin-killed C. irritans theronts.

Mucus titers detected by ELISA were significantly higher in fingerling and adult grouper subjected to the low level of exposure to C. irritans theronts at 3-week post-exposure compared to fish that had no previous exposure. In addition, significantly smaller tomonts were produced from adult grouper after three successive exposures than the tomonts produced after a single exposure to the parasite.

In the vaccine-immunization experiment, no mortality was monitored in fish that received high dose vaccine (100 μg/fish), while 40% cumulative mortality and 100% cumulative mortality were recorded in low dose group (10 μg/fish) and control group (PBS-injected), respectively. In the succeeding replicate, the vaccine-immunized group (high dose) had 37.5% cumulative mortality and 100% cumulative mortality for the control. In addition, a total of 1830 tomonts were collected at 5-day post-challenge from the control group while none from the vaccine-immunized group. Significantly fewer trophonts and tomonts were enumerated at 5-day and 7-day post-challenge, respectively, in the vaccine-immunized group than the control.

Results suggest that a protective immunity has been conferred on the immunized grouper as indicated by high antibody titers in the mucus of C. irritans-exposed fish and higher survival and fewer parasites in vaccine-immunized fish than the control groups. The conferred immunity played a major role in preventing or limiting the adhesion, invasion, and development of C. irritans theronts on the skin of the immunized grouper.     

罗非鱼在不同盐度水体中的生长繁殖和鱼肉粗蛋白与氨基酸含量的比较

罗非鱼原产非洲淡水中,但越来越多的人认为其祖先起源于海洋,因为多数种具有耐盐能力,尼罗罗非鱼就是其中之一。本试验的目的在于观察尼罗罗非鱼在海水中养殖的可行性。 材料与方法 实验鱼取自实验室内同胎孵出的25天龄尼罗罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus)鱼苗99尾,实验分为淡水、咸淡水(1/2海水+1/2淡水)和海水三个饲养组,每组33尾鱼苗,平均个体重0.15克,分别养于三个容量相同(内径80厘米,高60厘米)的白色圆形玻璃钢水槽中。控温26℃±1℃),充气,投喂豆饼、浒苔和白菜。每周换水1—2次。每个月月底称量各组鱼之总重和计算存活鱼尾数。实验始于1983     

橡胶树抗病相关基因HbNPR1的克隆及其表达分析

前期利用cDNA-AFLP技术分离获得了一个与橡胶树抗棒孢霉落叶病反应相关的差异表达基因片段EST-IAN-188,通过Blast比对分析发现,该基因片段与植物抗病相关NPR基因家族中的NPR1具有高度的同源性。将该片段与橡胶树基因组序列进行比对,设计引物进行PCR扩增,得到了一个橡胶树NPR1基因的cDNA和基因组序列,命名为HbNPR1基因。基因序列分析显示,该基因编码区全长(CDS)1 374 nt,含有两个外显子和一个内含子,编码457个氨基酸,蛋白分子量为51.0 ku,等电点5.82,具有BTB/POZ、ANK锚蛋白重复序列、DUF和NPR1-like C等4个结构域。qRT-PCR定量分析发现,HbNPR1基因在橡胶叶片中的表达丰度最高,特别是古铜期叶片;多主棒孢病菌(Corynespora cassiicola)诱导下HbNPR1基因在抗病品种(IAN873)的表达丰度明显高于感病品种(PR107);另外,SA、MeJA、ET处理下均能诱导HbNPR1基因的表达,SA处理后的表达量丰度最高。本研究初步表明,HbNPR1基因可能参与橡胶树抗病信号途径的调控和寄主对病原菌侵染的防御反应。